Golden Week is one of Japan’s most anticipated and vibrant holiday periods, spanning from April 29 to May 5 each year. Despite its name, only four days within this stretch are officially recognized as national holidays: Shōwa Day, Constitution Memorial Day, Greenery Day, and Children’s Day. During this time, many businesses close, and families take the opportunity to travel, relax, and participate in both modern festivities and time-honored customs.
Each holiday within Golden Week carries unique historical and cultural significance. Shōwa Day on April 29 commemorates the birthday of Emperor Shōwa, encouraging reflection on his reign and Japan’s postwar era. Constitution Day, observed on May 3, marks the enactment of Japan’s postwar constitution in 1947. Greenery Day, celebrated on May 4, highlights the importance of nature and the environment, a nod to Emperor Shōwa’s love for plants. The week concludes with Children’s Day on May 5, dedicated to the happiness and healthy growth of children, especially boys.
Traditional customs are an integral part of Golden Week, especially on Children’s Day. Families hang colorful carp-shaped streamers called koinobori outside their homes, symbolizing strength and perseverance. Samurai dolls are displayed indoors to inspire bravery and success in children. Ritual baths with iris leaves, known as shobuyu, are believed to ward off evil spirits. Many people also visit shrines and temples, participate in purification rituals, and offer prayers for good fortune during the holidays. Traditional foods such as kashiwa-mochi-sweet rice cakes wrapped in oak leaves-are enjoyed, and the use of furoshiki cloths for gift wrapping reflects the Japanese value of resourcefulness.
Beyond the customs, Golden Week is a time for family gatherings, leisure, and travel. Parks, tourist attractions, and markets bustle with activity as people make the most of the mild spring weather. The week’s traditions, from wearing yukata or kimono to sharing festive meals, foster a sense of cultural continuity and community. Golden Week remains a cherished period when Japanese society pauses to celebrate its history, nature, and the promise of future generations.
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(Source: Japan Guide | Japan for two | Keiko Furoshiki)
