The Czech Republic is facing a significant surge in hepatitis A cases in 2025, with 450 infections and six deaths reported in the first four months alone-already surpassing the annual totals seen in previous years. This sharp increase is particularly concerning to public health authorities, as the number of cases recorded in early 2025 exceeds those from 2021 to 2023 combined. The most affected regions include Central Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia, and Prague, where a substantial proportion of cases are among homeless individuals and those engaging in high-risk behaviors such as drug use.
Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated hands, food, water, or surfaces. The virus thrives in environments with poor sanitation and hygiene, making marginalized communities, children, and young adults especially vulnerable. Many cases, particularly in children, are asymptomatic, which complicates detection and containment efforts. The incubation period ranges from 14 to 50 days, and individuals can be infectious even before symptoms appear, increasing the risk of unintentional spread. Health officials note that contact tracing is especially challenging among homeless populations and drug users, further complicating outbreak control.
Authorities are urging the public to adopt strict hygiene practices and consider vaccination, which is available but not mandatory in the Czech Republic. Vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk groups, travelers, and those with chronic liver conditions, with some health insurance plans offering partial reimbursement for the vaccine. In response to the outbreak, free vaccinations are being provided at shelters and to field workers in close contact with vulnerable populations. Despite these measures, experts warn that the trend is unlikely to reverse quickly, emphasizing the importance of prevention and awareness to curb the further spread of hepatitis A in the country.
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(Source: Outbreak News Today | Vax Before Travel | Euroactiv)
